Tourism Demand and Expenditure

The travel industry Demand and Expenditure Board information examination has showed up in the travel industry request research (Eilat and Einav, 2004; Garin-Munoz, 2007; and Naude and Saayman, 2005). The board information models that were utilized in the writing are pooled logit relapse, the summed up technique for minutes (GMM) strategy of Arellano and Bond (1991), summed up least squares (GLS) board information relapses, and normal least square (OLS) board information relapses (which involve fixed and arbitrary impacts models). Board information examination has a few focal points over the time arrangement econometric models. It joins a lot more extravagant data from both time arrangement and cross sectional information. This methodology additionally diminishes the issue of multicollinearity and gives more degrees of opportunity in the model estimation. In this manner, it is appropriate for estimating the interest for the travel industry when the time arrangement for all factors are shorter, and cross-sectional data on these variable are additionally accessible. Regardless of its points of interest, the board information approach has once in a while been applied to the travel industry request investigation. Four special cases are found in the post-2000 writing. Ledesma-Rodrã ­guez and Navarro-Ibã ¡nez (2001) utilized the board information strategy to display the interest for Tenerife the travel industry and set up both static and dynamic board models. Likewise, Naudã © and Saayman (2005) and Roget and Gonzã ¡lez (2006) both utilized a similar board information way to deal with look at interest for the travel industry in 43 African nations and the interest for country the travel industry in Galicia, Spain, separately. Subordinate variable Choosing a suit variable for subordinate variable in the travel industry request model is significant. Group le et al (2006) in an investigation as: Recent Developments in Econometric Modeling and Forecasting with looking at the travel industry request models demonstrates that Compared to the travel industry request concentrates preceding 1990, the proportions of the travel industry request have not changed a lot. Vacationer appearances were as yet the most widely recognized measure in the most recent decade, trailed by the visitor consumption. Specifically, visitor use, as either total qualities or spending shares, is required by the detail of interest framework models, for example, the direct consumption framework (LES) and the AIDS. Contrasted and the travel industry writing before 1990, ongoing investigations give more consideration to disaggregated the travel industry advertises by movement reason (for instance, Morley 1998; Turner et al 1998; Turner and Witt 2001a). Among diffe rent market portions, recreation the travel industry pulled in the most examination consideration. 12 investigations concentrated on this specific the travel industry advertise (for instance, Ashworth and Johnson 1990; Kulendran and Witt 2003b; Song, Romilly, and Liu 2000; Song, Witt, and Li 2003). Diverse market portions are related with various affecting variables and shifting dynamic procedures. Along these lines, learns at disaggregated levels give increasingly exact bits of knowledge into the highlights of the specific market fragments. Thus, increasingly explicit and precise data can be given to create productive promoting methodologies. Informative Variables In view of the travel industry financial hypothesis the appearance of visitor is an empowering factor for someone else that will travel a specific goal. Along these lines whatever the quantity of visitors appearance in the current year in a specific goal at that point, might be the vacationer would return to this nation one year from now in the event that they have had a decent encounter from that specific goal. In the other hand, the data about the goal stretches out as individuals share their vacation encounters with family members and companions; in this manner it can diminish the pace of vulnerability for expected guests to that goal. As indicated by Song, (tune et al., 2003) the quantity of individuals picking a specific goal at whatever year relies upon the quantity of individuals that picked it in the previous years. There are numerous investigations that utilized the slacked subordinate variable to clarify the travel industry request. For instance habibi(2009), Witt and Marti n (1987), Fujii and Mak (1981), Garin-Munoz (2007), Garin-Munoz and Martin Montero (2007). Garin-Munoz (2007) talked about the avocations of remembering a slacked subordinate variable for the travel industry request models. Two potential legitimizations are given. Right off the bat, there is less vulnerability related with holidaying in a nation that you are as of now acquainted with, contrasted with going with a formerly unvisited outside nation, likewise the travel industry is for the most part chance loath and may feel increasingly great in picking the equivalent past goal nation. Also, information about the goal reaches out as individuals talk about their vacation, subsequently decreasing the vulnerability for expected guests to that goal. Own value: The proper type of the value variable is in no way, shape or form clear. On account of the travel industry there are two components of value: the expense of movement to the goal; and the typical cost for basic items for the vacationer in the goal. In spite of the fact that the hypothetical support for including transportcost as an interest determinant doesn't seem, by all accounts, to be contested, numerous creators prohibit this variable from the arrangement of illustrative factors on the grounds of potential multicollinearity issues and absence of information accessibility. (Truth be told, multicollinearity need not be an issue; rather, it might be an indication of cointegration, which would propose the utilization of mistake revision models.) In specific examinations where econometric guaging models have been produced for worldwide the travel industry request, a particular goal sightseers average cost for basic items variable is fused in the models. As a rule, notwithst anding, the purchaser value file in a nation is taken to be an intermediary for the expense of the travel industry in that nation. All in all, this technique is received on the grounds of absence of progressively reasonable information, for example a list characterized over the crate of products bought by travelers, as opposed to over the standard run of the mill buyer bushel (Kliman, 1981, p.490). (Truth be told, such lists are currently distributed for specific nations and significant towns.) Whichever goal value variable is utilized, it should be balanced by the pace of trade so as to change it into inception nation cash. Trade rates are additionally here and there utilized independently to speak to visitors living expenses. Despite the fact that they generally show up notwithstanding either a particular sightseers typical cost for basic items variable or a customer value list intermediary, they might be the sole portrayal of travelers living expenses. The standard defense for remembering a swapping scale variable for universal the travel industry request capacities is that purchasers are more mindful of trade rates than goal expenses of living for sightseers, and thus are headed to utilize conversion scale as an intermediary variable (Gray, 1966; Artus, 1970). Be that as it may, the utilization of conversion scale alone can be deluding in light of the fact that despite the fact that the swapping scale in a goal may turn out to be increasingly positive, this could be offset a moderately high swelling rate. Observational outcomes assessing the exact type of the voyagers typical cost for basic items component of the own value variable which ought to be remembered for econometric guaging models demonstrate that the swapping scale balanced buyer value record (either alone or along with a different conversion scale variable) is a sensible intermediary for the expense of the travel industry, yet that conversion scale all alone isn't a satisfactory intermediary (Martin and Witt, 1987). Substitute costs: Economic hypothesis recommends that the costs of substitutes might be significant determinants of interest. For instance, an expansion in occasion costs to substitute goal nation may build interest for occasions to another nation. For the most part, those replacement prospects took into account in universal the travel industry request contemplates are limited to sightseers goal living expenses. A typical structure where substitute costs enter the interest work is to indicate the visitors average cost for basic items variable as the goal esteem comparative with the root esteem, along these lines simply allowing replacement between vacationer visits to the outside goal viable and residential the travel industry. The typical legitimization at this type of relative cost file is that residential the travel industry is the most significant substitute for outside the travel industry. Different examinations join substitute costs in an increasingly modern way; they take into consideration the effect of contending outside goals by indicating the voyagers typical cost for basic items variable as goal esteem relative to a weighted normal worth determined for a lot of elective goals, or by indicating a different weighted normal substitute goal cost variable.Just as sightseers living expenses in substitute goals are probably going to impact the interest for the travel industry to a given goal, so venture out expenses to substitute goals may likewise be relied upon to have an effect. Moreover, on the off chance that the information are disaggregated by transport mode, at that point make a trip cost to a similar goal by elective vehicle mode(s) would impact the travel industry request to a specific goal by a given vehicle mode. In any case, albeit some hypothetical consideration has been paid to the thought of substitute travel costs in the writing, they once in a while include in the travel industry request capacities. In the event that a value variable is determined as own value elative to substitute costs, at that point the variable is recorded commonly under both own cost and substitute costs in Table 1. The main exemptions are the prohibitive situations where the sole substitute goal cost considered is the expense of In spite of the fact that movement costs had been considered in over half of the investigations surveyed by both Crouch and Lim, in late examinations they didn't pull in as much consideration as in the past, with just 24 examinations including this variable. As exact estimations of movement costs were missing, particularly of the total level, intermediaries, for example, airfares between the beginning and the goal must be utilized. Nonetheless, just in a couple of cases did the utilization of intermediaries bring about critical coefficient gauges. Another purpose behind inconsequential impacts of movement expenses might be rel

Eli Whtiney essays

Eli Whtiney papers Eli Whitney and Interchangeable Parts It was 1765. One of the most persuasive creators in American history, Eli Whitney, was conceived in Westboro, Massachusetts. He contributed probably the best advancements to American culture. There are various circumstances that helped shape or move Eli. Being presented to his dad's workshop, Eli gathered a tremendous measure of information on craftsmanship and mechanics. During school, Whitney's encounters at Yale likewise had numerous impacts on him. At the point when his quest for a law degree bombed he started to get diverted by his fondness for mechanics. He additionally got an instruction including propelled science and graduated with distinction. Whitney was likely most impacted, however, by prior endeavors at large scale manufacturing. The British material assembling process roused him as did a French man named LeBlanc, who had endeavored the procedure of compatibility yet kicked the bucket before observing its impact. Despite the fact that Eli was not sure on the off chance that it was his own veritable idea, he obtained credit for placing the procedure energetically. In spite of the fact that maybe most popular for his development of the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's most prominent achievement was effectively acquainting compatible parts with America. Up to that point, each rifle's part had been hand made, subsequently the pieces of one firearm didn't fit some other weapon. Whitney made the parts to his rifles so about indistinguishable that the machine parts could be exchangeable starting with one weapon then onto the next. For each piece of the weapon, a layout was made. Whitney at that point developed a machine that permitted a man to slice metal as indicated by an example. It was made out of a wheel with its cutting teeth that were driven around the edge of the layout. No master mechanical aptitude was required. This machine was known as the processing machine. He originally tried his innovation on black powder guns. The government's venture and backing empowered Whitney to demonstrate the practicality of his framework and set up it as the ... <!

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #35 New Releases for Jan. 5, 2016

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #35 New Releases for Jan. 5, 2016 This week, Liberty and Rebecca discuss Mr. Splitfoot, The Gun, Only Love Can Break Your Heart, and  more new releases. This episode was sponsored by The Readers of Broken Wheel Recommend  by Katarina Bivald  and FabFitFun. Subscribe to All the  Books! using  RSS or iTunes and never miss a beat book. Sign up for the weekly New Books! newsletter for even more new book news. Books discussed on the show: A Thousand Naked Strangers: A Paramedic’s Wild Ride to the Edge and Back by Kevin Hazzard Mr Splitfoot by Samantha Hunt The Gun by Fuminori Nakamura (Author), and Allison Markin Powell (Translator) Silver Bullets  by Elmer Mendoza  (Author), Mark Fried (Translator) Shame and Wonder: Essays by David Searcy The Lightless Sky: A Twelve-Year-Old Refugees Harrowing Escape from Afghanistan and His Extraordinary Journey Across Half the World by Gulwali Passarlay Only Love Can Break Your Heart by Ed Tarkington Presence: Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenges by Amy Cuddy What were reading: The Great Forgetting by James Renner The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector (Author), Katrina Dodson (Translator) More books out this week: A Hard And Heavy Thing by Matthew J. Hefti Damnificados by JJ Amaworo Wilson Alive, Alive Oh!: And Other Things That Matter by Diana Athill Ku-Klux: The Birth of the Klan during Reconstruction by Elaine Frantz Parsons My Confection: Odyssey of a Sugar Addict by Lisa Kotin After the Crash by Michel Bussi Angels Burning by Tawni ODell What I Tell You In the Dark by John Samuel Navel Gazing: True Tales of Bodies, Mostly Mine (but also my moms, which I know sounds weird) by Michael Ian Black What She Left by T.R. Richmond Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World by Cal Newport Blackout by David Rosenfelt The Core of the Sun  by Johanna Sinisalo (Author), Lola Rogers (Translator) Firsts by Laurie Elizabeth Flynn My Name Is Not Friday by Jon Walter Truthwitch by Susan Dennard The Last Dream Keeper by Amber Benson But You Did Not Come Back by Marceline Loridan-Ivens (Author), Sandra Smith (Translator) KooKooLand by Gloria Norris Midnight Taxi Tango by Daniel José Older Choose Joy: Finding Hope and Purpose When Life Hurts by Sara Frankl and Mary Carver Stories I Tell Myself: Growing Up with Hunter S. Thompson by Juan F. Thompson A Doctor in the House: My Life with Ben Carson by Candy Carson The Kindness of Enemies by Leila Aboulela Big Girl: How I Gave Up Dieting and Got a Life by Kelsey Miller The Angels’ Share by Garfield Ellis Best Friends Forever by Kimberla Lawson Roby Passenger 19 by Ward Larsen New Leaf by Catherine Anderson The Impostor Queen by Sarah Fine Passenger by Alexandra Bracken Travelers Rest by Keith Lee Morris The Sound of Gravel by Ruth Wariner The Book of Mastery by Paul Selig Sailor and Fiddler: Reflections of a 100-Year-Old Author by Herman Wouk The Voronezh Notebooks by Osip Mandelstam Floodpath: The Deadliest Man-Made Disaster of 20th-Century America and the Making of Modern Los Angeles by Jon Wilkman Thief of Lies by Brenda Drake Forty Thieves by Thomas Perry Stars Over Sunset Boulevard by Susan Meissner The Art of Perspective: Who Tells the Story by Christopher Castellani Silence by Shusaku Endo (Author), William Johnston (Translator) The Past by Tessa Hadley The Restaurant Critics Wife by Elizabeth LaBan No Baggage: A Minimalist Tale of Love and Wandering by Clara Bensen The Darkening Trapeze: Last Poems by Larry Levis City of Thorns by Ben Rawlence When Hitler Took Cocaine and Lenin Lost His Brain: History’s Unknown Chapters by Giles Milton The Childrens Home by Charles Lambert Where We Belong: Journeys That Show Us The Way by Hoda Kotb The Guest Room by Chris Bohjalian Mind Hacking: How to Change Your Mind for Good in 21 Days by Sir John Hargrave This Is Where It Ends by Marieke Nijkamp The Family Tree: A Lynching in Georgia, a Legacy of Secrets, and My Search for the Truth by Karen Branan The Geography of Genius: A Search for the Worlds Most Creative Places from Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley by Eric Weiner Radioactive!: How Irène Curie and Lise Meitner Revolutionized Science and Changed the World by Winifred Conkling White Walls: A Memoir About Motherhood, Daughterhood, and the Mess In Between by Judy Batalion Thicker Than Water by Kelly Fiore How To Be Alive by Colin Beavan Books out in paperback: Empire of Deception: The Incredible Story of a Master Swindler Who Seduced a City and Captivated the Nation by Dean Jobb The Daylight Marriage by Heidi Pitlor The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro Blood on Snow  by Jo Nesbo (Author), Neil Smith (Translator) The Jaguar’s Children  by John Vaillant Island of a Thousand Mirrors by Nayomi Munaweera The Missing One by Lucy Atkins

Plural French Subject Pronouns Nous Vous Ils and Elles

Before you start this lesson, I encourage you to read my Singular French Subject Pronouns lesson, or even start with introduction to French subject pronouns if you have not read it yet. Now, lets take a closer look to the plural French subject pronouns. The French Subject Pronoun for We Nous   Nous is the pronoun to use when you are talking about a group of people that includes yourself.Ex : nous regardons la teÃŒ leÃŒ  : we are watching TV. Nous is also referred to as the first person plural (premieÌ€re personne du pluriel). Pronunciation: the s of the nous is silent when followed by a consonant.Ex : Nous regardons, nous faisons, nous sommes.Nous makes a strong liaison in Z when followed by a vowel or an h ; nous ‘Z’eÃŒ tudions, nous ‘Z’habitons, nous ‘Z’utilisons. Important: in colloquial French,  « On  » is used instead of nous. The verb will agree with  « On  » (3rd person singular), but the adjectives will agree with the meaning, therefore being plural when on means we. Here is my lesson about the obscure French subject pronoun on.Ex : Anne et moi, on est brunes : Ann and I, we are brunettes. Note: other words related to nous are: notre, nos, le noÌ‚tre, la noÌ‚tre, les noÌ‚tres. The French Subject Pronoun for You Vous   Vous is the pronoun to use when you are talking to a group of people.Ex : vous regardez la teÃŒ leÃŒ  : you are watching TV   Vous is also referred to as the second person plural (deuxieÌ€me personne du pluriel). Pronunciation: the s of the vous is silent when followed by a consonant.Ex : Vous regardez, vous faites, vous parlez.Vous makes a strong liaison in Z when followed by a vowel or an h ; vous ‘Z’eÃŒ tudiez, vous ‘Z’habitez, vous ‘Z’eÌ‚tes. Important: vous may also refer to one person that you are being formal to. Like an adult you don’t know, or a business partner, or someone that is older. The verb will agree with vous (2nd person plural), but the adjectives will agree with the meaning, therefore being feminine or masculine singular. To understand this notion, you need to read my article on tu versus vous. Ex : M. le PreÃŒ sident, vous eÌ‚tes grand : Mr President, you are tall.Ex : Mme la PreÃŒ sidente, vous eÌ‚tes grande : Mrs President, you are tall. Note: other words related to vous are : votre, vos, le voÌ‚tre, la voÌ‚tre, les voÌ‚tres. The French Subject Pronoun for They Ils   Ils is the pronoun to use when you are talking about a group of people.Ex : ils regardent la teÃŒ leÃŒ  : they are watching TV. Ils is also referred to as the third person plural, masculine (troisieÌ€me personne du pluriel, masculin). Pronunciation: the S of the Ils is silent when followed by a consonant. It’s pronounced exactly as the â€Å"il† singular.Ex : ils regardent, ils font, ils sont.For a regular ER verb starting with a consonant, you cannot hear the difference between Il singular and Ils plural : il regarde (singular), ils regardent (plural). Ils (plural) makes a strong liaison in Z when followed by a vowel or an H ; ils ‘Z’habitent, ils’Z’eÃŒ tudient, ils ‘Z’utilisent. Important: ils refers to a group of people or things either all masculine, or masculine and feminine. Note: other words related to ils are : se, les, leur, leurs, le leur, la leur, les leurs.   The French Subject Pronoun for They Elles   Elles is the pronoun to use when you are talking about a group of people that are women, or feminine things.Ex : Elles regardent la teÃŒ leÃŒ  : they are watching TV (they here are only women). Pronunciation: the S of the elles is silent when followed by a consonant.Ex : elles regardent, elles font, elles parlent.For a regular ER verb starting with a consonant, you cannot hear the difference between Elle singular and Elles plural : elle regarde, elles regardent. Elles makes a strong liaison when followed by a vowel or an H ; elles ‘Z’habitent, elles’Z’eÃŒ tudient, elles ‘Z’utilisent. Important: elles refers to a group of people or things only feminine. Note : other words related to elles are : se, les, leur, leurs, le leur, la leur, les leurs.   Voilà  , now that you know all about the French subject pronouns, you can go to the next step and study my French Verb Introduction lesson. If you are serious about learning French, I strongly suggest you find a good French learning audio method. Written French and spoken French are like two different languages, and you need audio - and someone who can not only list the grammar points but explain them well - to conquer French. I suggest you take a look at  my own French learning method  as well as my article on the  Best French tools for the self-learning student. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest  pages - so join me there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchtoday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/

Legal Canadian Smoking Age by Province and Territory

The legal smoking age in Canada is the age at which a person is allowed to buy tobacco products, including cigarettes. Like the drinking age, the legal smoking age in Canada is set by each individual Canadian province and territory. Selling tobacco is tightly regulated in most areas. In Ontario, for instance, the seller (whose age is not regulated) must request identification from any person who appears to be younger than 25 and must determine that the prospective buyer is at least 19 years old prior to selling tobacco products to that person. Canadas Legal Smoking Age by Province and Territory Across Canadas provinces and territories, the age at which you can legally purchase tobacco is split more or less evenly between 18 and 19 years of age. Heres the breakdown by territory and province: Alberta - 18British Columbia - 19Manitoba - 18New Brunswick - 19Newfoundland and Labrador - 19Northwest Territories - 18Nova Scotia - 19Nunavut - 18Ontario - 19Prince Edward Island - 19Quebec - 18Saskatchewan - 18Yukon Territory - 18 Smoking Is Banned in Indoor Public Spaces As of 2010, all territories and provinces and the federal government have enacted relatively consistent legislation banning public smoking in their jurisdictions. The legislation bans smoking in indoor public spaces and workplaces such as restaurants, bars, and casinos. The federal governments ban applies to federal workplaces and to federally regulated businesses such as airports. The Movement to Raise Legal Smoking Age to 21 Theres growing support for raising the minimum legal smoking age to 21  across the country to make access to tobacco more difficult and to tamp down tobacco-related illnesses and deaths.  (About 37,000 people die in Canada every year from a smoking-related illness.) The Canadian government suggested in early 2017 changing the legal smoking age to 21. The  idea of raising the minimum age was put forward in a paper from Health Canada (a federal department responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health) looking into ways to reach a 5% national smoking rate by 2035. In 2017, it stood at 13%. The federal government is reportedly not ruling out the possibility of raising the minimum smoking age to 21. The intent would be to try and reduce the number of young people picking up the habit. Federal Health Minister Jane Philpott said,  It’s time to push the envelope. What are those next steps? We’ve put out some bold ideas, things like raising the age of access. Things like putting restrictions in terms of multiperson dwellings. We want to hear what Canadians think about those [ideas].† Cancer Society Supports Raising the Minimum Age The  Canadian Cancer Society  says it  supports the idea of setting a federal smoking age of 21. Rob Cunningham, a senior policy analyst there, says he believes raising the smoking age is an inevitability and cites a 2015 study by the U.S/ National  Institute of Medicine which suggests that raising the legal smoking age to 21 could drop the smoking rate by roughly 12% and eventually reduce smoking-related deaths by 10%. Study Shows Drop in Smokers In the first quarter of 2017, the national group Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada (PSC) released its health survey on 2000 to 2014 tobacco use in Canada.  During this period, there was an overall 1.1 million drop in the number of Canadian  smokers, while  the number of smokers ages 15 to 19 also dropped but remained substantial. The percentage of Canadians who smoked fell by one-quarter, from 26% of Canadians aged 12 or older to 19%.  Over the  2000 to 2014 study period, the  majority of people ages 20 to 29 who had ever smoked reported smoking their first cigarette between the age of 15 and 19, while the percentage of those who reported their first cigarette over the age of 20 increased slightly from 7% to 12%.

Strategy Marketing Report on KN’s Free Essays

KN’s, a founding pillar and beacon for Pakistan’s Poultry Industry started in 1964 with a single minded objective of providing better nutrition for health and happiness of the nation. Building on years of poultry expertise and commitment to food-safety, KN’s integrated all poultry production activities under one umbrella to bring you safe and healthy chicken by managing and controlling all stages of production. Products. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategy Marketing Report on KN’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now KN’s markets layer and broiler hatching-eggs, layer and broiler, day-old chicks, poultry feed, processed chicken and ready-to-cook fully cooked food. I selected only the ready to cook category of KN’s which include Nuggets, Croquettes, Chicken Tempura, Burger Patties, Kofta, Combo wings, Fun nuggets, Hot Tenders, Chapli Kabab, Harey Bharey Nuggets and Tender Pops. Distribution Products are stored at -21?C to maintain freshness. Packed products are moved into KN’s sanitized refrigerated trucks for distribution to ensure uncompromising quality control. KN’s chicken products are available at KN’s Chicken Stores and leading retailers and also delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains. Market share Market share of KN’s is almost 70% (on average) in ready to cook food category. At Hyper Star almost 80% people buy KN’s products. At CSD almost 60% people buy KN’s products and at Macro almost 75% people buy this brand. This is the highest market share and at this time it is the leading brand in this category. Where the brand stands? The brand is growing rapidly day by day due to the customer satisfaction and the product is according to the customer’s requirement as well as they are targeting different segments of the markets like children and the vegetarians. Positive points of its product From the customer view point KN’s is providing healthy food. It is easy to cook especially it facilitates the working women because they don’t have much time to make all those things in home. They are targeting the children as well through fun nuggets so women are using for their children lunch. This brand provides the hygienic food to its customer that build trust in the customer. Moreover the taste of KN’s food is superior then others. These attributes are increasing its’ market share and this brand is growing. Competitors Competitors of KN’s are Menu and Mano salwa. Both of these brands couldn’t make its brand image as strong as KN’s has. Secondly they are not providing that level of customer satisfaction that KN’s is providing. Target market The company is targeting different age groups as well as different income groups. Their prices are normal so even a middle class person can afford it. They are targeting elite upper middle and middle class. On the age basis, they are targeting children as well as the young people. Conclusion KN’s is a largest selling brand in ready to cook food category. They are focusing more and more on the fully cooked products for the ease of customers with the special focus on the hygiene factor. It is the brand that provide value product to its customer. There market starts with the customers and end with the customer. This is the main reason for their market share and market growth How to cite Strategy Marketing Report on KN’s, Papers

Composition II Telecourse Essay Example For Students

Composition II Telecourse Essay January 20, 1999The Issue of Human CloningWith the recent discovery of the ability to clone an adult sheep, ignites numerousquestions concerning the ethical and moral issues in light of eventually cloning a humanbeing. The controversity surrounding the eventual possibility of cloning humans. For themost part, however, the ethical concerns being raised are exaggerated and misplaced, because they are based on erroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore, lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of its significance. Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a carbon copy-an automaton of the sort familiar fromscience fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate people-biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically-so a clone is a separate person from his or hernon-contemporaneous twin. To think otherwise is to embrace a belief in genetic determinism-the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false. As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their expression. The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, such as height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligence to compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers to be limited and indirect. Indeed, we need only appeal to our ordinary experience with identical twins-that they are different people despite their similarities-to appreciate that genetic determinism is false. Furthermore, because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably always be riskier-that is, less likely to result in a livebirth-than in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. (It took more than 275 attempts before the researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While cloning methods may improve, we should note that even standard IVF techniques typically have a success rate of less than 20 percent.) So why would anyone go to the trouble of cloning? There are, of course, a few reasons people might go to the trouble, and so its worth pondering what they think they mightaccomplish, and what sort of ethical quandaries they might engender. Consider the hypothetical example of the couple who wants to replace a child who has died. The couple doesnt seek to have another child the ordinary way because they feel that cloning would enable them to reproduce, as it were, the lost child. But the unavoidable truth is that they would be producing an entirely different person, a delayed identical twin of that child. Once they understood that, it is unlikely they would persist. But suppose they were to persist? Of course we cant deny that possibility. But a couple so persistent in refusing to acknowledge the genetic facts is not likely to be daunted by ethical considerations or legal restrictions either. If our fear is that there could be many couples with that sort of psychology, then we have a great deal more than cloning to worry about. Another disturbing possibility is the person who wants a clone in order to have acceptable spare parts in case he or she needs an organ transplant later in life. But regardless of the reason that someone has a clone produced, the result would nevertheless be a human being with all the rights and protections that accompany that status. It truly would be a disaster if the results of human cloning were seen as less than fully human. But there is certainly no moral justification for and little social danger of that happening; after all, we do not accord les ser status to children who have been created through IVF or embryo transfer. .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .postImageUrl , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:hover , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:visited , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:active { border:0!important; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:active , .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u720c919fb3068da38d99f17c427c5d5e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Point by Point Essay Method There are other possibilities we could spin out. Suppose a couple wants a designer child-a clone of Cindy Crawford or Elizabeth Taylor-because they want a daughter who will grow up to be as attractive as those women. Indeed, suppose someone wants a clone, never mind of whom, simply to enjoy the notoriety of having one. We cannot rule out such cases as impossible. Some people produce children for all sorts of frivolous or contemptible reasons. But we must remember that cloning is not as easy as going to a video store or as engaging as the traditional way of making babies. Given the physical and emotional burdens that cloning would involve, it is likely that such cases would be exceedingly rare. But if that is so, why object to a ban on human cloning? What is wrong with placing a legal barrier in the path of those withdesires perverse enough or delusions recalcitrant enough to seek cloning despite its limited potential and formidable costs? For one thing, these are just the people that a legal ban would be least likely to deter. But more important, a legal barrier might well make cloning appear more promising than it is to a much larger group of people. If there were significant interest in applying this technology to human beings, it would indicate a failure to educate people thatgenetic determinism is profoundly mistaken. Under those circumstances as well, however, a ban on human cloning would not only be ineffective but also most likely counterproductive. Ineffective because, as others have pointed out, the technology does not seem to require sophisticated and highly visible laboratory facilities; cloning could easily go underground. Counterproductive because a ban might encourage people to believe that there is a scientific basis for some of the popular fears associated with human cloning-that there is something to genetic determinism after all. There is a consensus among both geneticists and those writing on ethical, legal and social aspects of genetic resea rch, that genetic determinism is not only false, but pernicious; it invokes memories of pseudo-scientific racist and eugenic programs premised on the belief that what we value in people is entirely dependent on their genetic endowment or the color of their skin. Though most members of our society now eschew racial determinism, our culture still assumes that genes contain a persons destiny. It would be unfortunate if, by treating cloning as a terribly dangerous technology, we encouraged this cultural myth, even as we intrude on the broad freedom our society grants people regarding reproduction. We should remember that most of us believe people should be allowed to decide with whom to reproduce, when to reproduce and how many children they should have. We do not criticize a woman who takes a fertility drug so that she can influence when she has children-or even how many. Why, then, would we object if a woman decides to give birth to a child who is, in effect, a non-contemporaneous ide ntical twin of someone else? By arguing against a ban, I am not claiming that there are no serious ethical concerns to the manipulation of human genes. Indeed there are. For example, if it turned out that certain desirable traits regarding intellectual abilities or character could be realized through the manipulation of human genes, which of these enhancements, if any, should be available? But such questions are about genetic engineering, which is a different issue than cloning. Cloning is a crude method of trait selection: It simply takes a pre-existing, unengineered genetic combination of traits and replicates it. I do not wish to dismiss the ethical concerns people have raised regarding the broad range of assisted reproductive technologies. But we should acknowledge that those concerns will not be resolved by any determination we make regarding the specific acceptability of cloning.